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- CS50x 2025 - Lecture 8: Exploring Web Programming with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
CS50x 2025 - Lecture 8: Exploring Web Programming with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
Dive into web programming with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript in CS50x 2025 Lecture 8. Get introduced to the fundamentals of the internet, HTML, CSS, and explore how to create user interfaces for browsers and mobile devices.
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Video Transcript
[MUSIC PLAYING]
DAVID MALAN: All right, this is CS50.
And this week, we begin to
introduce web programming.
That is still writing code ultimately,
but whereby the user interface
is now going to be a browser, or
even a mobile device ultimately.
To do that, we're going to introduce
you to, first, some fundamentals of how
the internet works itself.
Then we'll transition to a language, but
not technically a programming language,
called HTML-- hypertext
markup language, followed
by another language, though also not a
programming language quite yet, called
Cascading Style Sheets.
And ultimately, we'll reintroduce
some proper programming,
so as to automate much of
what we'll be now discussing.
But first, let's begin with
what underlies the World Wide
Web, or web for short, which
is the internet itself.
And it's perhaps simplest
to think of the internet
as the underlying plumbing that allows
us to get data from point A to point B.
So there's lots of computers
in the world nowadays.
They are all physically connected
somehow or virtually connected,
with wires or wirelessly.
And if you can imagine, each
of those computers somehow
being able to talk to
one another, that then
is our internet, an
internetworked set of computers
that can somehow intercommunicate.
But it wasn't always that
way, even though you and I
take for granted the fact that we can
all talk electronically nowadays online.
Indeed, early on, there
were only a few points
of presence on this here internet.
So, for instance, here is
the United States in 1969,
when ARPANET was developing what
we now know as the internet.
And there were only a few locations
here, primarily on the West Coast.
And those universities initially
were indeed able to intercommunicate,
sending the first emails, for instance,
even before there was a worldwide web.
Eventually, some other
universities came online--
Harvard, for instance, among them on
the East Coast of the United States.
And then East Coast and
West Coast were suddenly
able to intercommunicate, as
well as with emails and the like.
But in order to get data
from point A to point B,
so to speak-- in this case, West
Coast to East Coast, not to mention
the rest of the world, once
more and more servers were
introduced to this mix, we needed
to somehow route the information.
And so one of our first terms of
art today will be that of "routers."
Routers are simply computers,
or technically servers,
whose purpose in life is to route
information from one point to another.
Now, these servers might look a little
different from your laptops and phones
certainly.
They might look different
from your desktop PCs.
But they're still just PCs, computers
that maybe have a different form
factor, a different
shape, but that typically
live in what are called data
centers, like big warehouses that
