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- Le culte des héros et l'héroïque dans l'histoire (Thomas Carlyle)
Le culte des héros et l'héroïque dans l'histoire (Thomas Carlyle)
Dans cette vidéo, nous aborderons la théorie du grand homme dans l’histoire à travers Thomas Carlyle et son livre « Les héros, le culte des héros et l’héroïque dans l’histoire ». A rebours de l’esprit sceptique moderne, Carlyle tient non seulement à montrer dans son livre l’importance des hommes d’exception dans l’histoire, mais aussi que le « culte des héros » est une véritable nécessité anthropologique. Loin d’être anecdotique, le culte des héros, selon lui, est le roc sur lequel est même fondé tout le système hiérarchique d’une société.
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Video Transcript
What importance can a man have on the course of history?
Can a man introduce something new, make the course of history deviate and put his mark on his century?
Or is he never but the unconscious toy of forces that determine him?
Many schools, philosophical and social, have tended to minimize the importance of great men
to insist rather on history, on economy, on society, etc.
However, despite sometimes very convincing arguments, the general admiration for what
we call the great men, the heroes, has not completely disappeared, as if it were
there an inderacinable characteristic at the bottom of our being.
why today, with Thomas Carlyle and his conception of the cult of heroes.
If there is a subject that ignites imagination and dreams, it is the great men
who make history, heroes who overthrow fatality and geniuses who open new
horizons. This fascinates us because it meets our aspiration to freedom
and greatness. The example of these great men inspire our actions and make us hope
reach their heights one day.
But the importance of these great men is nevertheless often relativized by many
philosophical schools, left and right.
We judge the theory of the great man as we call it naive, idealistic or sinful by
excess of romanticism.
And this is not entirely false.
It is an excess of romanticism indeed to believe that a man, by the only force of his
will or his genius, can triumph over adversity and completely remodel society.
But can we really believe that the course of history was the same without the
presence of exceptional men? That the fate of Germany, for example, was the same
without a Frederick II or a Bismarck? Or that the history of European music was
the same without a Bach, a Beethoven and a Wagner and all the artistic innovations
they introduced?
As this is an eminently important question, and not only from a theoretical and speculative
point of view, but especially from the point of view of action, it seemed important to me
to talk about the figure of the man whose name is most often associated with the said theory of the great man,
namely Thomas Carlyle.
I want to say it right away, I do not pretend to bring a definitive and sharp answer to this question of the great man and determinism.
I would simply like to expose what seems to me, what seems to me still valid and interesting in this vision.
Thomas Carlyle is little known in the French-speaking world.
When we know him, it's usually for some formula or the nickname he gave to the
economic science of his time, namely the Dismal Science.
However, Carlisle is a thinker of a capital importance in the Anglo-Saxon world,
like Edmund Burke for example, of whom he is distinguished.
Indeed, although very critical of the French Revolution and the ideas that followed,
Carlisle stands out from the tenets of the classic counter-revolution, whose goal
was the restoration of the old and pre-revolutionary order, he inaugurates
a new trend in the political philosophy of the right, in the thought of the order,
which is to refer to the heroic and creative values to overcome the crisis.
In this regard, Carlyle's ideas are to be compared with Nietzsche's, although
he was sometimes scratched in his texts.
A few words about Carlisle. Thomas Carlisle is a writer, historian and philosopher of Scottish origin, born in 1795 in Eccles Fecan, in the south of Scotland, and died in 1881 in Chelsea, London.
Carlisle is the author of several important works, in particular he is the author of a history of the French Revolution in three volumes which had a great response.
For the record, the writing of this work was somewhat
flustered. John Stuart Mill, who was Carlyle's friend at the time, had
agreed to publish this study. But when Carlyle had finished
the first volume of this one, he gave back the only manuscript he had in his
