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- Entre affirmations souveraines et négations radicales, une critique du libéralisme (Donoso Cortés)
Entre affirmations souveraines et négations radicales, une critique du libéralisme (Donoso Cortés)
Dans cette nouvelle vidéo, nous nous pencherons sur la figure méconnue de Juan Donoso Cortés, l'un des trois grands penseurs de la fameuse triade contre-révolutionnaire, avec Joseph de Maistre et Louis de Bonald. Précurseur de la pensée de Carl Schmitt, Donoso Cortés a offert un aperçu original de la philosophie libérale en montrant que cette dernière ne vit que par et pour la discussion sans fin. Or, la nature "discutante" du libéralisme l'empêche justement, selon Donoso, d'apporter un fondement solide à la société et fait qu'elle empêche toute décision politique au sens propre.
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Musiques utilisées dans la vidéo :
- Isaac Albeniz : Asturias (New Philharmonia Orchestra, Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos)
- Agustín Barrios : La Catedral (par Ana Vidovic)
- Fernando Sor : Study No. 5 in B Minor (par Taso Comanescu)
- Hans Pfitzner : Palestrina, Prélude à l’acte I (Berliner Philharmoniker, Ferdinand Leitner)
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Video Transcript
Discussion, negotiation and commerce are the key words of political and philosophical liberalism.
With a lot of talent, liberalism has promised a universe in which endless debate,
that is to say infinite and without purpose, must replace any form of open conflict.
Liberalism would like to solve political truth as metaphysical truth through a discussion.
Its nature is indeed that of negotiation and half-measure,
and share the hope that the final confrontation that provokes all kinds of sovereign decisions
can turn into a parliamentary debate and be eternally suspended thanks to a discussion.
But is this position sustainable when the moment of crisis comes, when it comes
to face an emergency situation or a historical upheaval?
This is what we will see today with one of the greatest thinkers of decision-making
in politics, namely the Spanish thinker Juan Donoso Cortes.
With Joseph De Mestre and Louis de Bonald, Juan Donoso Cortes, marquis of the Valdegamas,
form the triad of the greatest counter-revolutionary thinkers of the 19th century.
Unlike what some ideas received might seem, these philosophers, far from being out of fashion,
retain a relevance more relevant than ever, because they were able to establish, from the beginning,
a large-scale criticism of all the egalitarian principles of the modern world.
Born in a time of crisis, namely that of the revolution, their state philosophy,
as Karl Schmitt notes, is distinguished by the high consciousness that this time
requires a decision. Indeed, the periods of crisis do not admit
half measures, the word itself attests it. The crisis comes from the Greek word krisis
which means judgment or decision-making. However, as our time itself announces
a crisis without precedent, a convergence of disasters of all kinds, it seems to me
the great theorist of political decision-making, namely Juan Donoso Cortes.
However, unlike these two French homologues, Donoso Cortes is relatively little known today.
After having had a brilliant success towards the end of his life, his name is quickly forgotten after his death.
It is largely to Carl Schmitt that we owe to have brought out the depth,
the relevance and originality of the Donosian work by a series of articles concerning it.
Indeed, if Maestre and Bonald were the contemporaries of the French Revolution,
these two men were still, at the bottom, men of the 18th century, who saw a world
collapse before their eyes.
Donoso Cortes, was fully a man of the 19th century, and the revolution
whose witness he was was not that of 1789, but rather the multiple
European revolutions of 1848 which made the effect of a thunderbolt.
Donoso Cortes was able to see with great intellectual accuracy the limits and dangers
of philosophical liberalism in this new world that was coming, and it was in this
that he was one of the great precursors of the Schmittian thought, and that's what
I would like to talk about today.
But as Donoso Cortes is much less known than Maestro Ebonald, it seems important to me
to say a few words about the context that gave birth to his thought.
Juan Francisco María de la Salud Donoso Cortés was born on May 6, 1809 in Valle de la Serana,
in Extremadura, in a family of the great conqueror of Mexico, the conquistador Hernan
Cortes himself.
The years of Donoso's life correspond to the most troubled and convulsive years
of Spanish history.
In a few words, after the expulsion of King José Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon in 1813,
and the return of the Bourbons to the throne of Spain in the person of Ferdinand VII,
begins a long period of trouble for the country, opposing several camps,
Democrats, liberals, progressives and legitimate traditionalists.
The quarrels around the succession of Ferdinand VII led to the sad Karlist war,
liberals supporting the daughter of the king, Queen Isabel II,
